//Copyright-Author: Morris Ng

function fnBIowPrefQU0TAT1ON(){
document.writeln("<table id=Verd10 align=center border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3 bgcolor=#ffffcc><tr><td id=Verd10 colspan=2 height=40 align=center bgcolor=navy><font color=white><b>COUNTRY</b></font></td><td id=Verd10 colspan=2 align=center bgcolor=#c3003a><font color=white><b>TERMS</b></font></td></tr><tr valign=bottom><td id=Pt1 width=10 rowspan=48>&nbsp;</td><td height=30>Argentina</td><td>CIF, FOB, CFR</td><td id=Pt1 width=10 rowspan=48>&nbsp;</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Australia</td><td>FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Austria</td><td>CIF, CFR</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Belgium</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>CFR, CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Canada</td><td>FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Chile</td><td>FOB, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>FOB, FAS</td></tr><tr><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- Hong Kong</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Czech Republic</td><td>FOB</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Denmark</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Egypt</td><td>CFR</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Finland</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Germany</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Hungary</td><td>FOB</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>India</td><td>CIF, FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Ireland</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>CIF, FOB, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Japan</td><td>CIF, FOB, CFR</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Korea, South</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>FOB</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>New Zealand</td><td>FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Norway</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>CIF, FOB, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Philippines</td><td>CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Portugal</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Russian Federation</td><td>FOB</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>CIF, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td>CIF, FOB</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>Switzerland</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>Taiwan</td><td>CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>CIF, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>CIF</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr><td>United Arab Emirates &nbsp;</td><td>CIF, CFR</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>CIF</td></tr><tr><td>USA</td><td>FOB</td></tr>")
document.writeln("<tr valign=top><td height=30>Venezuela</td><td>CIF, FOB, CFR</td></tr></table>")}

function fnBIowAIIowC0MMISSetc(){
document.writeln("<dt><b>Order Quantity, Production Cost and Freight</b></dt><br><br><dd>The economies of scale in the production and shipping must be considered in export pricing. Normally, a minimum production run is required in order to stay competitive. The unit cost of goods generally is lower in a larger order quantity.")
document.writeln("<p id=inde>In ocean shipments, there is a minimum charge or minimum CBM \(cubic meter\) requirement in the <b>LCL</b> \(less than container load\) delivery. Any shipment having a smaller CBM than the minimum requirement would be subject to the full amount. For example, if the minimum requirement is 2 CBM at US$60 per CBM or a minimum charge of US$120, if the consignment is only 1 CBM, that means the freight charge is still US$120.</p>")
document.writeln("<p id=inde>It would be more economical to price the goods based on the <b>FCL</b> \(full container load\) rather than the <b>LCL</b>, if the order quantity is large enough to fill a container. The exporter can indicate in the quotation the minimum quantity required for the quoted price.</p>")
document.writeln("<p id=inde>A trick the importer may use in order to get a lower price is to inflate the quantity requirement. For example, the actual quantity of product Z the importer requires is 1,000 dozens at US$2/dozen, the quantity could be inflated to 3,000 dozens, which cost US$1.80/dozen. The exporter would then bargain hard to buy 1,000 dozens at US$1.80/dozen.</p>")
document.writeln("<p id=inde>Sometimes, it is necessary to be flexible in the quantity requirement, depending on the customer and circumstance, for example in the first <nobr>order---</nobr>initial order or trial order.</p></dd><br><br><br>")
document.writeln("<dt><a name=xAllowance><b>Allowance for Defective Products</b></a></dt><br><br><dd>Damages incurred to the insured goods in transit may be claimed from the insurance company. At times, goods are damaged due to mishandling at the buyer's warehouse. Some buyers may claim such damages in the form of a discount. The exporter should reserve in the pricing 1% or 2%, depending on the customer and product history, as an allowance for defective products. A higher percentage may be required for fragile goods such as glassware</dd><br><br><br><br><br>")
document.writeln("<dt><b>Hidden Commission</b></dt><br><br><dd>The hidden commission, usually 2% or 3% of the export price, is not uncommon in some exporting countries. It is given by the exporter to the buying agent for each successful deal, as a compensation for supplying inside information on the competitive selling price, and for the opportunity of having the exporter's product introduced to their overseas principal.</dd>")}