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SHIPPING DEPARTMENT
Logistics Management
Cargo Insurance
Freight, import tariffs, export tariffs, tariff rates, tariffs, custom tariffs, freight conference, IATA, International Air Transport Association, conference rates, non-conference rates.
contract shippers, general cargo rates, specific commodity rates, NES rates, not elsewhere specified rates, NOS rates, not otherwise specified rates, FAK rates, freight all kinds rates, box rates, through freight rate.
conference carriers, non-conference carriers, charter, charter rates, voyage charter, freight rebates, rebate, TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit, knots, cellular container ships, multimodal transport.
combined transport bill of lading, through bill of lading, CBM, cubic measurements, container services, standard containers, hicube, high cube containers, cargo cubes, global shipping, import-export shipping.
logistics, logistics management, logistics supports, shipping space, shipping order, S/O, shipping permits, shipping notes, dock receipts, master ships, mother ships, feeder vessels, transhipment, transshipment.
transit shipment, dead freight, seaports, ports, freight forwarders, consolidators, freight consolidators, customs brokers, customs forwarders, brokers, customhouse brokers, customs house brokers, voyage, flight.
Transportation charges, freight, freight Payment, freight prepaid, freight collect, shipment control, partial shipments.
part shipment, installment shipments, customs closing date, earliest shipment date, latest shipment date, transit time, last shipment date.
Container capacity, pallets, pallet orientation, palletized cargo, unitizing, unitization, unitized loads, demurrage, loading equipment, inspecting containers, container inspections, dunnage, stowage.
container stowage, chassis, bogie, belt conveyors, roller conveyors, container packings, export corrugated cartons, export wooden cases, export boxes, export bales, container dimensions, import-export packings, import packs.
export packages, import packages, import-export drums, bags, wooden cases, wooden crates, shipping pallets, pallet stowing.
packing orientation, package orientation, TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit, CBM, cubic measurements, knots, cellular container ships, multimodal transport, combined transport bill of lading, through bill of lading.
Unitizing, unitization, unitized loads, demurrage, loading equipment, inspecting containers, container inspections, dunnage, stowage, container stowage, chassis, bogie, belt conveyors, roller conveyors.
container packings, export corrugated cartons, export wooden cases, export boxes, export bales, container dimensions, import-export packings, import packs.
export packages, import packages, pallets, pallet orientation, palletized cargo, import-export drums, bags, wooden cases, wooden crates, shipping pallets, pallet stowing.
packing orientation, package orientation, TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit, CBM, cubic measurements, knots, cellular container ships, multimodal transport, combined transport bill of lading, through bill of lading.
Marine insurance, cargo insurance, import-export insurance, insurance coverage, insurance documents, insurance terms, insurance claims, credit risk insurance, credit risks.
insurance policy, insurance cover note, open insurance policy, blanket insurance policy, floating insurance policy, specific insurance policy, voyage insurance policy, strikes riots civil commotions.
inherent vice, jettison, piracy, all risks, A.R., with average, W.A., free of particular average, F.P.A., insurance agency, insurance agents, insurance agencies, insurance certificates, insurance policies.
insurance endorsements, insurance premiums, insurance forms, Institute Cargo Clauses, Institute War Clauses, Institute Strikes Clauses, insurance application-instructions, insurance clauses, contingency insurance.
marine surveyors, adjusters, insurance adjusters, survey certificates, loss certificates, subrogation form, subrogation, particular average claims, general average claims, warehouse clause.
BL, B/L, bill of lading, customs declaration, shipping instructions, ocean bill of lading, marine bill of lading, shipping booking, transport documents, shipping marks.
Waybills, master air waybill, MAWB, HAWB, house air waybills, road waybills, rail waybills, post receipts, courier's receipts, forwarder waybill, freight forwarder's waybill, clean air waybill.
foul air waybill, unclean air waybill, dirty air waybill, claused air waybill, road consignment notes, rail consignment notes, postal receipt, parcel post receipt, certificate of posting, expedited delivery services.
postal shipments, courier shipments, TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit, knots, cellular container ships, multimodal transport, combined transport bill of lading, through bill of lading, CBM, cubic measurements.
Containers and shipping information such as container dimensions, container capacity, container rating, tare mass, payloads, container tare mass, container payload, general purpose containers, dry cargo containers.
reefers, refrigerated containers, tare weight, tares, container markings, container classifications, half height containers, TEU, twenty-foot equivalent unit, knots, cellular container ships, CBM, cubic measurements.
container services, standard containers, hicube, high cube containers, cargo cubes, global shipping, import-export shipping, logistics, logistics management, logistics supports, shipping space, shipping order, S/O.
shipping permits, shipping notes, dock receipts, master ships, mother ships, feeder vessels, transhipment, transshipment, transit shipment, dead freight, seaports, ports.
freight forwarders, consolidators, freight consolidators, customs brokers, customs forwarders, brokers, customhouse brokers, customs house brokers, voyage, flight.
groupage operators, shipping operators, shipping firms, shipping company, air shipping, ocean shipping, carriers, freight company, transport company, ETA, ETD, ETS.
transportation, transports, ocean shipping company, freight containers, couriers, airlines, tariffs, custom tariffs, shipping dangerous goods, shipping schedules.
air containers, ocean containers, shipping containers, container load, LCL, full container load, FCL, marine insurance, cargo insurance, import-export insurance.
NVOCC, nonvessel operating common carriers, NVO, nonvessel owner carriers, nonvessel owning carriers, ocean freight consolidator, steamship.
Freight or Tariff Rates
The freight rates for export shipments can be obtained by contacting the carrier directly or the carrier's agent or the freight forwarder or consolidator.
- The Tariff
- Ocean and air carriers have freight rates published in a rate book called the tariff, which gives the rates for different kinds of cargo between specific ports worldwide.
The freight conference publishes its ocean cargo rates, while IATA (International Air Transport Association) publishes the air cargo rates. There is no price competition among members within the conferences and the IATA.
Land (road and rail) carriers also have their tariffs, but the cargo rates are often published independently. Hence, a wider range of rates are often applied among the competing carriers, especially in the highly competitive road transports.
- Applicable Tariff Rates
- The freight rate is often influenced by the volume of traffic on a given route. When an exporter contacts the carrier or carrier's agent for the freight rate, the information normally required of an exporter is the kind of cargo and its intended destination. Information such as the gross weight and total cube of the consignment, the expected date of shipment, and whether the freight will be prepaid or collect may also be required. Then, the carrier or carrier's agent refers to the tariff for the applicable freight rate.
- Different Freight Rates and Terminology
Used in International Shipments
- Freight Rate Breaks
- Air carriers and some road carriers use a sliding scale of rates or a discount schedule in charging freight. The sliding scale of rates in the air freight may break at 100, 200, 300, 500, and 1000 kilograms (kgs.). As such, an air consignment of 200 kgs. to 299 kgs. has a lower rate than the 100 kgs. to 199 kgs.. The freight rate breaks in road transport may vary greatly among carriers.
Freight Rebates
The granting of a freight rebate to the shipper is not uncommon in the highly competitive transport industry. The grant can be legal or illegal.
The commission of the freight forwarder is about 2% to 5% in ocean freight and about 10% in air freight. It is legal for the forwarder in air freight to pay back the shipper portion of the commission it earns from the carrier, but such a payback may be deemed illegal in ocean freight. For example, if an airline quotes a freight rate of US$1,000 for a consignment and the commission of a forwarder is 10% (or US$100), the forwarder may quote the shipper US$950, the US$50 (or 5% of US$1,000) difference represents the payback by such forwarder.
In countries where exporters customarily deal directly with the shipping line in ocean freight instead of dealing with the forwarder, it is not surprising that most exporters prefer to deal with the forwarder in air freight instead of dealing directly with the airline, in order to take advantage of the payback.
Conference Discounts and Contract Shippers
The freight conference offers discounts or rebates to the 'loyal' shipper, known as contract shipper, who gives its entire support to members of the conference. When a general cargo contract is signed between shipper and conference, the contract shipper is prohibited from participating directly or indirectly in any arrangements relating to the carriage of cargo by any vessel not operated by one of the conference carriers. The contract shipper usually enjoys a 9.5% immediate discount on the amount of freight ruling at the time of shipment. Some contracts may grant a 10% rebate, instead of an immediate discount on each shipment, after a required period (six months or more usually) of 'loyalty' to the conference.
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